有益生防菌包衣处理不同油菜品种种子对菌核病发病率及产量的影响研究

油菜菌核病是油菜上的重要病害之一，在四川局部地区油菜根肿病时有发生，严重威胁到油菜安全生产。以油菜菌核病和根肿病为防治对象，与华中农业大学合作，利用其筛选的有益生防菌，选择双低和高芥酸油菜品种国豪油8号和绵油309，对其种子进行包衣处理，分别在无和有根肿病史的水旱轮作地，开展田间试验。试验结果表明：有益生防菌包衣处理的菌核病发病率均低于没有包衣处理；包衣处理的不同品种产量均高于没有包衣处理，但品种间有差异；包衣处理过的高芥酸油菜品种绵油309的产量高于包衣处理过的双低油菜品种国豪油8号；在有根肿病史试验田种植的菌核病发病率低于无根肿病史试验田，产量高于无根肿病史试验田。包衣处理对油菜根肿病的防治效果不显著。     

Screening of antagonistic Trichoderma strains and their application for controlling stalk rot in maize

Maize is one of the major crops in China, but maize stalk rot occurs nationwide and has become one of the major challenges in maize production in China. In order to find an environment-friendly and feasible technology to control this disease, a Trichoderma-based biocontrol agent was selected. Forty-eight strains with various inhibition activities to Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium verticillioides were tested. A group of Trichoderma strains(DLY31, SG3403, DLY1303 and GDFS1009) were found to provide an inhibition rate to pathogen growth in vitro of over 70%. These strains also prevented pathogen infection over 65% and promoted the maize seedling growth for the main root in vivo by over 50%. Due to its advantage in antifungal activity against pathogens and promotion activity to maize, Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009 was selected as the most promising strain of the biocontrol agent in the Trichoderma spectrum. Pot experiments showed that the Trichoderma agent at 2–3 g/pot could achieve the best control of seedling stalk rot and promotion of maize seedling growth. In the field experiments, 8–10 g/hole was able to achieve over 65% control to stalk rot, and yield increased by 2–11%. In the case of natural morbidity, the control efficiency ranged from 27.23 to 48.84%, and the rate of yield increase reached 11.70%, with a dosage of Trichoderma granules at 75 kg ha~(-1). Based on these results, we concluded that the Trichoderma agent is a promising biocontrol approach to stalk rot in maize.     

施用锌肥和遮阴互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响

采用大田裂区试验，研究了施用锌肥和不同遮阴程度互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响。结果表明，与不施锌肥相比，施用锌肥能提高花生不同部位锌含量、增加叶片SPAD值，提高花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量，减少花生病害的发生，平均降低7.1个百分点，花生产量平均增加19.4%。相同施锌水平下，随着遮阴程度的增加，花生不同部位锌的含量和不同生育期叶片SPAD值以及花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量呈增加趋势，花生的发病率比不遮阴对照增加4.8、10.2个百分点，花生产量平均降低16.5%、10.0%。在30%、70%的遮阴条件下，施用锌肥的花生产量比不施锌的分别提高21.1%、25.0%。本试验条件下，施用七水硫酸锌30 kg/hm2，使花生具有较强的抗低温寡照能力及抗病性能，增产显著，可在花生产区推广应用。     

论桑树病虫害与蚕病危害的关系

受管理理念的影响，桑树肥培管理工作存在一定的问题，加剧蚕病的扩散和蔓延，降低桑树 和蚕茧的生产质量，造成整体的经济效益不高。为此，本文深入分析桑树病虫害与蚕病危害的关系， 并提出防治的措施，以供参考。     

Use of netting and whitewash spray to protect papaya plants against Nivun Haamir (NH)-dieback disease

A disease causing the decline of papaya (Carica papaya) plants was noticed in the Jordan Valley in 1982. The disease caused severe yellowing of the upper leaves and dieback of the apex. The disease was not transmissible mechanically and continued efforts to associate viruses and viroids have so far been unsuccessful. Epidemiological observations suggested that the disease is airborne and probably caused by a mollicute. In order to test this hypothesis, plots were covered by an insect-proof net and with white nets providing 15, 30 and 50% shade. The 30%, 50% and insect-proof nettings provided complete protection, and the 15% netting reduced disease incidence to <2%, compared with>37% in the uncovered control plot. Spraying plants at weekly intervals with a commercial whitewash solution was also found to be effective in reducing disease incidence. The advantages of using a range of netting field treatments as a simple means for obtaining information on the epidemiological nature of a new disease are described.     

MD病毒抗独特型抗体的研制

制备鸡马立克氏病病毒(MDV)抗独特型抗体(Ab2),探讨Ab2模拟抗原诱导免疫应答的能力.用MDV免疫SPF鸡,分离提纯鸡抗MD-IgG(Ab1),Ab1免疫BALB/C鼠,用鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞制备Ab2杂交瘤细胞株,间接ELISA筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株,经克隆、纯化2×株抗MDV独特型抗体杂交瘤细胞株(6E5,7A12),其中6E5培养上清、腹水ELISA效价分别为4000×、10000×,免疫20 d攻毒,具有抗MDV感染保护.     

西宁地区猪细小病毒病的血清学调查

应用血球凝集抑制试验对青海省西宁地区的某规模化猪场的96份血清样品进行细小病毒病的血清学调查.结果：检出阳性头数8份，阳性率为83％(8／96)     

计算机犬病诊断原理

本研究模拟人类专家的诊断过程,对常见犬病用计算机进行诊断模拟,试验建立了犬病诊断的计算机处理系统(QBZD)。本文主要阐述了QBZD系统的结构构成、诊断机理及操作应用     

延边地区紫苏保护技术的研究

紫苏是延边地区的重要经济作物之一．但目前随着种植年限的延续，开始大量发生虫害、病害以及草害等，从而导致减产、降效，严重影响苏子生产．研究结果表明，延边紫苏地适宜土壤处理的除草剂为敌草胺与扑草净的混剂，使用剂量为3kg／hm^2 5kg／hm^2，一年生杂草除草效果可达到90％以上；茎叶处理除草剂为拿捕净(12．5％，1．0kg／hm^2)、稳杀得(35％，1．0kg／hm^2)、精禾草克(5％，1．0kg／hm^2)；紫苏的主要病害为锈病，对紫苏叶片质量影响较大；主要食粒虫害(待定)对产量的影响较大．